History and the making of Animation:
Here is brief encounter of the creations which have been important in the history and the making of animation.
Phenakistoscope:
The phenakistoscope (also spelled phenakistiscope or phenakitiscope) was an early animation device that used the persistence of visionary principles to create an illusion of motion. Technology: The phenakistoscope used a spinning disc attached vertically to a handle. Arrayed around the disc's center were a series of drawings showing phases of the animation, and cut through it were a series of equally spaced slits. The user would then spin the disc and look through the moving slits, at the disc's reflection in a mirror. The scanning of the slits across the reflected images kept them from simply blurring together, so that the user would see a rapid succession of images that appeared to be a single moving image Inventor: Joseph Plateau When was it invented: Plateau planned it in 1839 and invented it in 1841 |
Zeotrope:
A zoetrope is a device that produces the illusion of motion from a rapid succession of static/immobile images. The term zoetrope is from the Greek words ζωή (zoē), meaning "alive, active", and τροπή (tropē), meaning "turn", with "zoetrope" taken to mean "active turn" or "wheel of life". Invention: The earliest known zoetrope was created in China around 180 AD. Ting Huan's device, driven by convection, hung over a lamp which was called chao hua chich kuan (the pipe which makes fantasies appear). The rising air then turned vanes at the top, from where translucent paper or mica panels hung. When the device was spun at the correct speed, pictures painted on the panels, would then appear to move. Inventor: Ting Huan. |
Praxinoscope:
Invention: The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. This then improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the images appeared more or less stationary/immobile in position as someone turned the wheel. Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid sequence of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered. Inventor: Charles-Émile Reynuad. When was is invented: 1877. |
Kinetoscope:
Ivention: The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time though, which was able through the use of a peephole view window at the top of the device. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector but introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projections before the advent of video, by creating the illusion of movement which was by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing a series of images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. Inventor: Thomas Edison When was it invented: 1988. |
Zoopraxiscope:
Invention: The zoopraxiscope is was an early device in which it displayed motion picture. This may be considered to be the first movie projector. This then projectedc images from the rotating glass disks in which a rapid sequence showed the impression of the images in motion. The stop-motion images were initally painted onto a glass disc as silhouettes. A second series of discs that were made in 1892-1894 which used outline drawings which was then printed onto the discs photographically, then it was colours by hand. Some of these animated images are quite comples, which features multiple combinations, of sequences with and/or humans and animals. Who invented it? Eadweard Muybridge When was it invented: 1879. |
Cyclotrope:
Invention: The Cyclotrope is able to pull of a sense of animation by only using 18 “images” per second to fool the eye in the persistence of vision phenomenon. What’s great about watching the video is you can sense that magical moment right when your eye sees individual spinning parts and then the next instant when the speed of the wheel is just right and your eye makes those individual images into a seamless whole of actual movement. You are left to realize how the beauty of Edison’s original genius was never more pristine or raw or genuine as you see it in sprocketed action caught along the spokes of the Amazing Cyclotrope. |
|
Thaumatrope:
Invention: A thaumatrope is a toy that was popular in Victorian times. A disk or card with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine into a single image due to persistence of vision. Who invented it: The invention of the thaumatrope is usually credited to either John Ayrton Paris or Peter Mark Roget. When was it invented: 1826. |
|